London Low Emission Zone - Feasiblility Study

Kyoto attempts to reduce the likelihood of global warming from excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Under the Kyoto Protocol, many developed countries (such as Russia, the United Kingdom, and Japan) made specific commitments to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The Protocol refers to these countries as Annex I countries.

Under the emissions trading program described in the NPR story, each Annex I country receives emissions permits, or credits, to distribute to carbon-emitting firms in its economy. Each credit allows the holder to emit 1 ton of carbon dioxide during the year. If, at the end of the year, a firm has emitted more pollution than its credits allow, it pays a large fine. If a firm needs to emit more pollution than its permits allow, the firm can buy the additional credits it needs from a firm that does not need all of its pollution credits.

(Keep Reading into next post)
Again, consider the market for carbon credits. The story mentions the notable absence of the United States in the 2005 Kyoto Protocol. Suppose the United States changes its policy and agrees to join the cap-and-trade emissions program with other Annex I countries.

U.S. entry into the Kyoto agreement would have two effects on the market for pollution permits:

First, the U.S. government and Kyoto participants would set a cap on American emissions and issue new credits to American firms in accordance with the cap. (Note that there is a difference between pollution worldwide and pollution from Kyoto participants. If the United States participates in Kyoto, pollution from Kyoto participants rises. However, as a Kyoto participant, the United States will cap emissions. Worldwide pollution will be lower when U.S. emissions are limited by the Kyoto agreement.)

Second, American firms in need of additional carbon credits would enter the global emissions market and bid for carbon credits.
Shift one or both of the curves to show how U.S. participation in the Kyoto cap-and-trade program would affect the market for carbon credits.

CHECK MY OWN GRAPH: http://i38.tinypic.com/24wrfqp.jpg

S1 and S2 represent supply…that’s what I shifted. Will the demand also shift or will it stay put? (it’ll be a lower price for pollution credits if supply is increased by the government, which i find hard to believe…I don’t know)

This happens to be an Aplia question from an assignment I use in my microeconomics class.

When the US agrees to participate in the Kyoto Protocol, 2 things happen
1. We have a larger demand for carbon credits (since we have US firms now needing them in order to emit carbon gases).
2. We have more carbon credits that have been given to the US to distribute to the firms within the US.

#1 will increase the demand for carbon permits
#2 will increase the supply of carbon permits.

You shift the demand and supply curves accordingly (I am hoping you know which direction is an increase. LOL)

Good luck with your homework!!

i bought a volkswagon at used car lot as is.. The problem is that after i bought it i thought maybe it was idling too high..took it to local volkswagon dealer. Found out that there are two codes in it one for bad cluster, the other for being out of line in engine causing the timing to be off. Which explains high idle. The v/w shop told me that the check engine light in this car was broke out. Which is very illegal and also that the car was inspected on 8/21/09 should have never passed emissions with the codes in it and that someone illgally put the sticker on. i bought the car on 08/31/09. They advised me to call state office of emission and report it. My question is, do i have the right to try and make the car dealer take the car back? Or make them fix everything on the car, no charge to me? Will the emissions office just go and fine them and i’m still stuck with this car as is? will they help me with any recovery? Just not sure if i should work with the crook who sold me the car and just threaten calling emission office and the better business bureau and possibly get something. Rather then maybe nothing if i call state office. Don’t know if they will help me?

Dealerships have a responsibility to make sure a car meets all legal requirements when they sell it to you.

Make them fix it or buy it back, or tell them you will report them to the state DMV and Dept of consumer protection, bbb, whatever exists where you live.

Do U under stand about the earth’s water cycle??
Do U believe in the plants taking in the CO2 and giving us back oxygen??
Pretty neat isn’t it…
There is another that most don’t know about. The fossil fuel recycling plants. Thus the more CO2 we produce the more the plants grow. Plants love the CO2…

If we are improving our vehicles, why do we need it.
Who profits from it? What profits from it? It doesn’t cost anything until we need repairs. Our new cars seem to be better than years past.

To insure that all the emission components are functioning correctly. Any thing that is mechanical or electronic is subject to malfunctions. A malfunctioning emission component will cause your car to pollute the atmosphere.

I am a handicap person. i want to buy a car. which car should go in for ? one which has auto gear all controls in hands only.as my legs are not in condition to do so…

I think you should have an automatic transmission, with your steering wheel adapted for braking, speed. You mention car emission in your question, did you forget that part, or does it matter? Also, I believe your vehicle will need inspection by the state patrol to comply with ADA rules/regulations.

I know the tax is not worked out on the emissions, but i just need to know the emissions.

I have had a look on "Autotrader" website.There was a 1997 Dispatch up for sale. According to the technical data, CO2 emissions are 198g per kilometre…Hope this helps.

I’ve got a 99.5 VW tdi with the quintessential diesel intake clogging problem. By removing the EGR, I can fix this problem, and the egr on a diesel doesn’t affect ignition timing like it would on a gasonline engine. In fact, it is reported to have more power (but less fuel economy) because of increased oxygen introduced into the cylinder. Removing the EGR also reduces the particulate matter emissions. But it also increases the amount of NOx emissions, which I feel is at least as damaging as PM emissions. In trying to choose the lesser of two evils, I am looking for hard data that shows how much of an increase in NOx emissions I’ll have by removing the EGR as well as how much of a decrease in fuel economy and PM emissions I’ll experience. Anyone got any info or data source links? The tech forums don’t get into emissions, just the ABC’s of doing it.

Typically you will set off the check engine light when you mess with the EGR system (the flow is usually monitored). That’s fine if you don’t have inspections, but I am guessing you do. I’m not sure about the VW system, but typically the passageway to the EGR gets plugged up and changing the EGR valve does nothing to fix the problem. There are flexible drill bits available now to clean out the EGR passageways to correct the plugging problem (or at least fix it for another 80K miles).
The NOX would go up as well as the combustion temperatures, at least on a gasoline engine.
I don’t believe there will be any negative effect on mileage with the removal of the EGR, unless you had unburned fuel in the exhaust - which would be another problem.

I am looking for Maryland data on regulated emissions pertaining to particulate matter, PM-10, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. Does anyone know how to find the actual reports pertaining to these emissions? Thanks!

did you start with the EPA?

www.epa.gov

what is the maintenance schedule & costs of latest diesel cars (turbo charged versions in hatch backs , entry level & mid level sedans ) in India in comparision to petrol ones ?
costs means only maintenance costs.

I could tell you nothing of the cost aspect for India but I’m guessing the maintenance schedule would be about the same probably every 5,000 miles or whatever that is in kilometers.

I have to calculate the wavelength (in nm) of a photon emitted during a transition corresponding to the third line in the Lyman series (nf = 1) of the hydrogen emission spectrum.

I know how to solve problems like this, but I just need 1 more piece of information to solve this one.

What is ni ? I just need to know what energy level this begins at.

Whenever an electron drop from a higher energy level to the lowest energy level ( n = 1), a spectral line will form in the Lymann series.

The first line corresponds to the transition from n = 2 to n = 1.
The second line corresponds to the transition from n=3 to n=1.
The third line corresponds to the transition from n=4 to n=1
……. and so on.

You can expand it to include the Balmer series .
For Balmer series, the electron must drop to n=2.
So, the first line in Balmer series is the transition from n=3 to n=2,
………..and so on